TRL 1 – Basic idea 

• Scientific research begins; principles are observed. 
• Example: A new concept identified in a lab. 

TRL 2 – Concept formed 

• The idea is defined, but still theoretical. 
• Example: Initial design or hypothesis. 

TRL 3 – Proof of concept 

• Early experiments show the idea might work. 
• Example: Small lab test with promising results. 

TRL 4 – Lab validation 

• Technology tested in a controlled lab setting. 
• Example: Prototype tested under ideal conditions. 

TRL 5 – Relevant environment testing 

• Tested in conditions closer to real-world use. 
• Example: Prototype used in a simulated real setting. 

TRL 6 – Demonstration prototype 

• A more developed prototype is tested realistically. 
• Example: Pilot testing in a clinical or operational environment. 

TRL 7 – System prototype in real use 

• Technology is tried in actual real-world conditions. 
• Example: Trial deployment in a hospital or community. 

TRL 8 – System complete and qualified 

• Proven to work reliably; ready for full rollout. 
• Example: Approved technology meeting regulatory standards. 

TRL 9 – Fully operational 

• Technology is in routine use. 
• Example: Widely adopted clinical device or app.